![]() ![]() Judes (2010) suggested, "ESL teachers often do not have updated certification" (p. With such a fast change in training and requirements, districts often neglect to keep their teachers up to date. Speaking of this shift, Gramber (2010) wrote, "The scope of ESL education is changing rapidly" (p. This increase has caused a shift in the tradition training of ESL educators. According to Grant (2009), "The percentage of ESL students in high schools has gone up 75% in the last ten years" (p. Teachers in ESL classrooms need more access to professional development. Paragraph With Direct Quotations, Revised (Revisions in Bold) By using transitions, though, the author can identify the relationships among the ideas. This paragraph feels a bit choppy because the author is jumping from one idea to another. However, readers cannot determine why the author chose to list each of these ideas or how they are connected. In this paragraph, there are several excellent direct quotations. ![]() Judes (2008) suggested, "ESL teachers often do not have updated certification." A study found that "Non-native English speakers require a different pedagogy than native speakers" (Bartlett, 2004, p. Gramber (2010) said, "The scope of ESL education is changing rapidly" (p. Paragraph With Direct Quotations Not Integrated 2022, Oregon State University, /wlf/what-close-reading-definition-and-strategies. "What is Close Reading?" Oregon State Guide to English Literary Terms, 24 Oct. But it is often a useful mode of analysis because it is so grounded in the text, digging deeply into its layers of meaning. But it's also not a free-for-all where any reading of a text is correct because everything is interpretation anyway.Ĭlose reading isn’t the only way to usefully and productively engage with a text. ![]() It’s not the discovery of the one “right” answer of what a text means, because there are many ways to observe and interpret a text. It typically doesn’t require secondary sources, though you can use close reading with other forms of analysis that do rely on secondary sources. It doesn’t speculate on the effect of the text on the reader, which is not something you can directly observe in the text. So, what isn’t close reading? It’s not focused just on what happened in the text-the content that’s summary. This may involve cutting out the observations and interpretations that aren’t relevant, and going back to the text for additional observations you can interpret for the argument you’re developing. If you’re using close reading to write a paper, the third bonus step is to corral your observations and interpretations into a cohesive argument. You might have noticed that the Oregon State Guide to Literary Terms includes videos on imagery, figurative language, motif, and so on-most of the videos in this series employ close reading! When you close read a text, you’re looking at both what the text says (its content), and how the text says what it says-through imagery, figurative language, motif, and so on. So what does it look like to “do” close reading? We use close reading to make new knowledge out of our interactions with a text, which is why your instructors in high school and college might ask you to use close reading to write an essay, since the United States higher education system values the production of new knowledge. Conference for Antiracist Teaching, Language and Assessmentįor scholars, “close reading” is a mode of analysis-one of many possible modes, many of which can be used in conjunction with one another-that moves a reader beyond comprehension of the text to interpretation of the text.Ī lot of the time we use close reading to uncover and explore a text’s underlying ideologies-or the ideas embedded in the text’s point of view, ideas that aren’t givens (like the laws of physics) but that are culturally or socially constructed, and usually ideas that aren’t universal even within a given culture or society.OSU - University of Warsaw Faculty Exchange Program.Graduate Course Descriptions- Spring 2024.Master of Arts in Interdisciplinary Studies (MAIS).Scientific, Technical, and Professional Communication Certificate.
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